Planning a Winter Camping trip to the Boundary Waters

Across a million acres of frozen lakes and snow-laden forest, the wilderness settles into a stillness you can only experience in winter. For adventurous outdoor enthusiasts, this time of the year offers some of the most rewarding and memorable camping opportunities. Whether you’re actively planning a winter camping trip or just starting to imagine what it might look like, this introduction will guide you through everything you need to know to prepare for the journey ahead.

Are you starting to plan winter trips to the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (BWCAW)? 

SELF-ISSUING PERMITS ARE REQUIRED

Self-Issuing Permits 101

As always, a permit is required to enter the BWCA Wilderness: 

• Self-Issued permits are required for ALL visitors from October 1 - April 30. Self-issued permits are available from kiosks at BWCAW entry point trailheads or at permit-issuing stations for off-season or day trips (no reservation required and no recreation fees).

• UPDATE! Due to summer wildfires, some BWCAW entry points are closed until April 1, 2027. Find more information, including a map, on the U.S. Forest Service alerts page.

Things to consider

• Not all entry points are accessible in the winter
  Some roads receive regular plowing while others do not. Check with the local DOT, outfitter or ranger station about which roads are open before heading out.
• Decide on the Duration of your Trip
  The first step in planning your Boundary Waters adventure is to determine how long you want to be in the wilderness. Trips range from a few days to a week or more, so consider your skill level, fitness, experience, the distance you want to travel, and how much time you can take off from your other commitments.
• Pick your Dates
  December can vary in temps, while January and February are usually the coldest, snowiest months, but not always! March can be a great time to embark on a late-season trip, as daytime temperatures can be milder. Ice is generally reliable by the end of December; however, remember that ice is never 100% safe. Check with the local ranger station or outfitter for current ice depths or hazards.
• Determine Your Entry Point
  Next, choose the entry point for your trip. Numerous entry points are spread across the BWCAW, each providing access to different lakes and routes. Research the different entry points using the interactive tools from Paddle Planner or National Geographic's Eastern and Western planning maps. Consider the distance you're willing to portage and decide which lakes you'd like to explore. Take into account that travel will be much slower in the winter. You don’t have to go far to find solitude.

Planning your trip

Now you can plan the other details! Include everyone in your group in on the planning so they all know how to prepare and what to expect. 

• Plan Your Route
  Look at a map of the area and chart out your desired route, considering factors such as distance, difficulty level, and any specific points of interest. We highly recommend talking to an outfitter or using Paddle Planner!
• Gather Essential Gear
  Proper gear can make or break your Boundary Waters trip. You can bring your own gear or reserve winter camping gear through an outfitter, such as hot tents, stoves, backcountry skis, sleeping bags, and more. Click to see our packing list.
• Practice Leave No Trace Principles
  Preserving the untouched beauty of the Boundary Waters is essential for future generations. Familiarize yourself with the seven principles of Leave No Trace: plan ahead and prepare, travel and camp on the ice if possible (pack down snow first), dispose of waste properly, leave what you find, minimize campfire impacts, respect wildlife, and be considerate of other visitors. The Boundary Waters also has some of its own unique rules like no cans or glass. Check out page 11 of this handy guide from the USFS that includes rules and more for winter wilderness travel.
• Be Aware of Weather Conditions
  The weather in the Boundary Waters can change rapidly, so stay informed about current and forecasted conditions. Pack appropriate clothing and gear for deep snow, wind, and changing temperatures. Check with rangers or local outfitters about potential weather and ice hazards, and adjust your plans to stay safe.
• Navigation Skills
  Traveling the Boundary Waters requires basic navigational skills. If you're a novice, talk to an outfitter for tips or take a navigational course to learn route finding and safety measures. Navigation is crucial in the wilderness, so bring a compass, a map, and possibly a GPS device.
• Read the ice and navigate portages safely. Ice thickness and conditions can change at any time. 
  Open water often occurs year-round around waterfalls, narrow points of land, and anywhere there is moving water, like rapids. Portage trails may be hard to find and little traveled. 
• Wildlife Awareness
  The Boundary Waters is home to diverse wildlife, including moose, bears, wolves, and more. Learn how to coexist safely with wildlife. The USFS food storage order is in effect April 1-November 30 of each year. Take precautions to avoid unwanted encounters. Admire wildlife from a distance, and don't feed them.
• Emergency Preparedness
  Despite careful planning, emergencies can still arise. Carry a whistle, a well-stocked first aid kit, know basic wilderness first aid, and have a communication plan. Leave a detailed itinerary at home with your emergency contact. Sign up for a Wilderness First Aid course ahead of your trip.